perf demangle-rust: Add rustc-demangle C demangler

Imported at commit 80e40f57d99f ("add comment about finding latest
version of code") from:

https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-demangle/blob/main/crates/native-c/src/demangle.c
https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-demangle/blob/main/crates/native-c/include/demangle.h

There is discussion of this issue motivating the import in:

https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/60705
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250129193037.573431-1-irogers@google.com/

The SPDX lines reflect the dual license Apache-2 or MIT in:

https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-demangle/blob/main/README.md

Following Migual Ojeda's suggestion comments were added on copyright and
keeping the code in sync with upstream.

The files are renamed as perf supports multiple demanglers and so
demangle as a name would be overloaded.

The work here was done by Ariel Ben-Yehuda <ariel.byd@gmail.com> and I
am merely importing it as discussed in the rust-lang issue.

Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Cc: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org>
Cc: Ariel Ben-Yehuda <ariel.byd@gmail.com>
Cc: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@proton.me>
Cc: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com>
Cc: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Xu <dxu@dxuuu.xyz>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Cc: Howard Chu <howardchu95@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiapeng Chong <jiapeng.chong@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Desaulniers <nick.desaulniers+lkml@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@amd.com>
Cc: Stephen Brennan <stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com>
Cc: Trevor Gross <tmgross@umich.edu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250430004128.474388-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/util/demangle-rust-v0.h

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
+
+// The contents of this file come from the Rust rustc-demangle library, hosted
+// in the <https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-demangle> repository, licensed
+// under "Apache-2.0 OR MIT". For copyright details, see
+// <https://github.com/rust-lang/rustc-demangle/blob/main/README.md>.
+// Please note that the file should be kept as close as possible to upstream.
+
+#ifndef _H_DEMANGLE_V0_H
+#define _H_DEMANGLE_V0_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define DEMANGLE_NODISCARD __attribute__((warn_unused_result))
+#else
+#define DEMANGLE_NODISCARD
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+    OverflowOk,
+    OverflowOverflow
+} overflow_status;
+
+enum demangle_style {
+    DemangleStyleUnknown = 0,
+    DemangleStyleLegacy,
+    DemangleStyleV0,
+};
+
+// Not using a union here to make the struct easier to copy-paste if needed.
+struct demangle {
+    enum demangle_style style;
+    // points to the "mangled" part of the name,
+    // not including `ZN` or `R` prefixes.
+    const char *mangled;
+    size_t mangled_len;
+    // In DemangleStyleLegacy, is the number of path elements
+    size_t elements;
+    // while it's called "original", it will not contain `.llvm.9D1C9369@@16` suffixes
+    // that are to be ignored.
+    const char *original;
+    size_t original_len;
+    // Contains the part after the mangled name that is to be outputted,
+    // which can be `.exit.i.i` suffixes LLVM sometimes adds.
+    const char *suffix;
+    size_t suffix_len;
+};
+
+// if the length of the output buffer is less than `output_len-OVERFLOW_MARGIN`,
+// the demangler will return `OverflowOverflow` even if there is no overflow.
+#define OVERFLOW_MARGIN 4
+
+/// Demangle a C string that refers to a Rust symbol and put the demangle intermediate result in `res`.
+/// Beware that `res` contains references into `s`. If `s` is modified (or free'd) before calling
+/// `rust_demangle_display_demangle` behavior is undefined.
+///
+/// Use `rust_demangle_display_demangle` to convert it to an actual string.
+void rust_demangle_demangle(const char *s, struct demangle *res);
+
+/// Write the string in a `struct demangle` into a buffer.
+///
+/// Return `OverflowOk` if the output buffer was sufficiently big, `OverflowOverflow` if it wasn't.
+/// This function is `O(n)` in the length of the input + *output* [$], but the demangled output of demangling a symbol can
+/// be exponentially[$$] large, therefore it is recommended to have a sane bound (`rust-demangle`
+/// uses 1,000,000 bytes) on `len`.
+///
+/// `alternate`, if true, uses the less verbose alternate formatting (Rust `{:#}`) is used, which does not show
+/// symbol hashes and types of constant ints.
+///
+/// [$] It's `O(n * MAX_DEPTH)`, but `MAX_DEPTH` is a constant 300 and therefore it's `O(n)`
+/// [$$] Technically, bounded by `O(n^MAX_DEPTH)`, but this is practically exponential.
+DEMANGLE_NODISCARD overflow_status rust_demangle_display_demangle(struct demangle const *res, char *out, size_t len, bool alternate);
+
+/// Returns true if `res` refers to a known valid Rust demangling style, false if it's an unknown style.
+bool rust_demangle_is_known(struct demangle *res);
+
+#undef DEMANGLE_NODISCARD
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif