From be99e7aa0405e58629844e43546f9107bdc08e73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2025 04:20:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] benches: add spawn_blocking concurrency benchmark (#7748)

---
 benches/Cargo.toml        |  5 +++
 benches/spawn_blocking.rs | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 78 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 benches/spawn_blocking.rs

diff --git a/benches/Cargo.toml b/benches/Cargo.toml
index 87163be15..8b5759410 100644
--- a/benches/Cargo.toml
+++ b/benches/Cargo.toml
@@ -96,5 +96,10 @@ name = "time_timeout"
 path = "time_timeout.rs"
 harness = false
 
+[[bench]]
+name = "spawn_blocking"
+path = "spawn_blocking.rs"
+harness = false
+
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/benches/spawn_blocking.rs b/benches/spawn_blocking.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba55ab7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benches/spawn_blocking.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//! Benchmark spawn_blocking at different concurrency levels on the multi-threaded scheduler.
+//!
+//! For each parallelism level N (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, capped at available parallelism):
+//! - Spawns N regular async tasks
+//! - Each task spawns M batches of B spawn_blocking tasks (no-ops)
+//! - Each batch is awaited to completion before starting the next
+
+use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion};
+use tokio::runtime::{self, Runtime};
+use tokio::task::JoinSet;
+
+/// Number of batches per task
+const NUM_BATCHES: usize = 100;
+/// Number of spawn_blocking calls per batch
+const BATCH_SIZE: usize = 16;
+
+fn spawn_blocking_concurrency(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let max_parallelism = std::thread::available_parallelism()
+        .map(|p| p.get())
+        .unwrap_or(1);
+
+    let parallelism_levels: Vec<usize> = [1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64]
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|&n| n <= max_parallelism)
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("spawn_blocking");
+
+    for num_tasks in parallelism_levels {
+        group.bench_with_input(
+            BenchmarkId::new("concurrency", num_tasks),
+            &num_tasks,
+            |b, &num_tasks| {
+                let rt = rt();
+
+                b.iter(|| {
+                    rt.block_on(async {
+                        let mut tasks = JoinSet::new();
+
+                        for _ in 0..num_tasks {
+                            tasks.spawn(async {
+                                for _ in 0..NUM_BATCHES {
+                                    let mut batch = JoinSet::new();
+
+                                    for _ in 0..BATCH_SIZE {
+                                        batch.spawn_blocking(|| black_box(0));
+                                    }
+
+                                    batch.join_all().await;
+                                }
+                            });
+                        }
+
+                        tasks.join_all().await;
+                    });
+                });
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    group.finish();
+}
+
+fn rt() -> Runtime {
+    runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
+        .enable_all()
+        .build()
+        .unwrap()
+}
+
+criterion_group!(spawn_blocking_benches, spawn_blocking_concurrency);
+
+criterion_main!(spawn_blocking_benches);